Revised draft: 04
نویسنده
چکیده
Community has a problematic relationship to economics. In general, contemporary political economics holds that groups have strongly negative effects on economic efficiency and growth, because groups bind individuals into situations where they can no longer realize their preferences, exit freely, and find effective representation for their interests. Communities are, at best, necessary evils when there are egregious market failures. There are other strands of economic research, however, that can be drawn on to provide micro-foundations for the welfare-enhancing properties of communities. With these in hand, we can draw a more complete picture of the potential welfare effects of communities, both positive and negative. Geographical processes -increasing factor mobility and global market integration -strongly affect the shape and functioning of communities and hence alter the balance of their positive and negative economic welfare effects. JEL classifications: D23, D71, D81, D83, D85 ________________________________________________________________________ 1 Professor of Economic Sociology and Academic Director, Master of Public Affairs, Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris, 10 rue de la Chaise, 75007 Paris, France. [email protected] Professor of Economic Geography, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK, [email protected] 2 Previous version presented at: DIME Durham Conference on « Communities of Practice » October 2006. I thank the participants at that conference for their comments. Tom Farole gave the paper a close reading and many valuable suggestions.
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